SPINE DEFORMITIES
CONGENITAL SCOLIOSIS
Congenital Scoliosis: Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment
Congenital scoliosis is a form of scoliosis that results from a spinal defect present at birth. Unlike idiopathic scoliosis, which has no known cause, congenital scoliosis develops due to malformations in the spine during foetal development. These malformations cause the spine to curve abnormally as the child grows, leading to a sideways curvature of the spine. Since the condition is present at birth, congenital scoliosis is usually detected at an earlier age than idiopathic scoliosis, often during infancy or early childhood.
What Causes Congenital Scoliosis?
Congenital scoliosis occurs when the spine does not form properly in the womb. This can happen for various reasons, such as:
- Incomplete formation of vertebrae: Some vertebrae may not fully develop, causing parts of the spine to be abnormally shaped.
- Fusion of vertebrae: In some cases, two or more vertebrae are fused together, preventing the spine from growing straight and resulting in a curved spine.
- Vertebral segmentation defects: This occurs when the vertebrae fail to separate properly, leading to abnormal spinal growth and curvature.
These spinal defects can range from mild to severe, and the severity of congenital scoliosis depends on the extent of the malformations and the rate at which the spine curves as the child grows.
Symptoms
The symptoms of congenital scoliosis vary depending on the severity of the spinal defect. Some children may have only a slight curvature, while others may develop a more noticeable spinal deformity as they grow. Common symptoms include:
- Visible curvature of the spine
- Uneven shoulders or waist
- A tilted rib cage, where one side of the ribs protrudes more than the other
- One leg appearing shorter than the other
In some cases, children with scoliosis may also experience other health problems, such as heart or kidney abnormalities, which can sometimes accompany the condition.
Diagnosis and Treatment Options
Often detected through physical examinations and imaging tests. Early diagnosis is important for determining the best course of treatment, depending on the severity of the spinal curve and the child’s age.
For mild cases, regular monitoring may be sufficient to track the progression of the curve as the child grows. In more severe cases, bracing or surgery may be recommended. Surgery is often necessary if the curve progresses rapidly in severe cases or if there are additional spinal abnormalities that need correction.
Early Detection is Key
Congenital scoliosis can significantly impact a child’s growth and development. Early detection and appropriate treatment are key to managing the condition and preventing complications. If your child has been diagnosed with scoliosis, consulting with a specialist is crucial to determining the best treatment plan and ensuring a better quality of life.
Rowan Berkowitz is one of South Africa’s leading experts in the field of Spine and Chest Deformities; click here to book an appointment.
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